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What is the difference between a Law, a Regulation, a NOM, and a NMX?
 

The Mexican Constitution of 1917 
(La Constitución Política de 1917) 

The Mexican Constitution of 1917, written after the Mexican Revolution is the basis of all Mexican law - the Magna Carta.  It contains reforms that addressed the principal causes of the Mexican Revolution - labor abuses, land expropriated from farmers and villages, natural resources exploited by foreign companies, etc. The Constitution of 1917 contains such revolutionary ideas for the time as 48 hour work weeks, overtime, vacations and maternity leave.

 

Laws  

Laws are based directly on the Constitution; all Mexican laws receive their authority from the Constitution.  Some Laws like the Labor law are defined in great detail in the Constitution (art. 123a). Article 123 is considered one of the social guarantees - human rights established in the Constitution. Laws assign authority and responsibility for enforcement. 

Laws begin as initiatives from State or Federal Representatives (Diputados), or Senators, or from the Executive branch.

They are approved by Congress and signed by the President. Each law designates which Secretary (cabinet branch) is responsible for oversight. (STPS- Secretary of Labor, SEMARNAT - Secretary of Environment, etc)

 

Regulations 

Regulations define the Laws - Regulations of laws are created by the Secretary that is responsible for the enforcement of the Law. Regulations establish the procedures, processes, etc. for compliance to the Laws.

 

Standards 
(Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM's)

Official Mexican Standard

NOM's (Official Mexican Standards) have the force of law.  The DGN (Dirección General de Normas) is a department of the Secretary of Economy and is responsible for creating the NOMs. They detail the form, format, documentation that must be maintained for compliance to laws and regulations; they also detail fines and sanctions. 
 

What the different parts of the code for NOM's stand for
an example...
NOM- STPS- 018- 2000
Norma Oficial Mexicana abbreviation for the Government Secretariat that it falls under. number of the NOM Year it took effect

 

NMX 
(Normas Mexicanas)

Mexican Standard

NMX's are voluntary standards and reference guides, they are obligatory when a Law, Regulation or NOM obligates their use.